ElecFi Makers

Showing posts with label Measurement. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Measurement. Show all posts

使用SCPI 控制的前級放大器

使用SCPI 控制的前級放大器

在尋找低電平的干擾源時,如果標準儀器(甚至是優秀的萬用表或示波器)的靈敏度不夠,這時通常需要使用前置放大器。

有一些專門的儀器,如納伏計,可以量測到更低的電平,但卻僅限於低速信號。

示波器即使採用超取樣和boxcar平均法,其本底雜訊也太高。因此,我們需要製作一個前級放大器。

但是這些放大器的周邊細節非常繁雜,在AC模式下,需要對去耦電容進行沉澱和放電、調節增益以及開關輸出。所有這些週邊設備都由 SCPI 控制,但整個設置對我來說有點亂。

設計的目標是:

  • 單個設備,不需要多個元件的組合
  • 增益 1X、10X、100X,以電腦切換
  • 最大輸出振幅 10V 於10k負載。
  • 交流或直流耦合,具有預充電和放電功能,以降低偏置所需安定時間。
  • 頻寬從直流或 1Hz (交流模式)到幾千赫茲
  • 低噪音
  • USB 供電,但通過光隔離器和隔離電源完全隔離。
  • SCPI 可控
  • 具LCD 顯示幕以便檢視設定

為了實現這一功能,我將調試器分成了兩個模組;

類比模組部分負責放電和預充電、交流和直流耦合、在 1 到 10 之間設置兩級增益以及啟動/禁用輸出。所有功能都使用作為繼電器的 PhotoFet 進行控制。

數位模組部分為 Arduino擴展HAT,用於連接類比部分和 LCD,並從 USB 電源產生 +/-15V 類比電壓。

 The Analog Part

 

 

從左到右依次是放電開關、AC/DC 開關和阻斷電容、預充電開關,以及使用 OP177 精密運算放大器的兩個可切換增益的運算放大器級。

右側是輸出開關和 10K(外部)負載。所有開關都是 AQY212EH PhotoMos 器件。

它們通過一個 ULN2003 介面驅動器IC(原理圖上未顯示)與數位介面連接。背靠背 BC548N 對用作輸入保護。類比部分有自己的接地系統,輸入和輸出 BNC 連接器與外殼和數位部分隔離。

 

The Digital Part

數位部分是以 Arduino UNO/Leonardo 微控制器板的HAT實現的。除了連接介面之外,唯一有趣的部分是 USB/5V 至 +/-15V 轉換器。

原本可以使用標準磚塊(TRACO 或類似供應商提供),但它們的噪音太大,並不太適合。因此使用了一個自由運行的Royer轉換器,帶有兩個低飽和電壓的 ZTX851 電晶體,外加兩個 3 腳穩壓器(78L15、79L15)來穩定輸出。

使用的變壓器是 Vogt 生產的 ISDN 變壓器,略有損壞,請參見此處:

 


 

 

這個變壓器的初級和次級之間的絕緣電壓高達 4 千伏,因此使用上很安全。保持低尖峰的竅門是在初級側安裝一個緩衝器,降低開關的陡度。

除此之外,沒有什麼特別之處。原理圖:



 

 

 

軟體

整個系統由 SCPI 控制。執行的具體命令如下

 

DISCHG:SET value
PRECHG:SET value
DCMODE:SET value
AMP1:SET value
AMP2:SET value
OUTP:SET value
PRINTALL?

 

其中值可以是 ON 或 OFF、0 或 1。

 

首次結果

事實上非常令人滿意。讓我們先看一個全振幅的三角波,以檢查線性問題:

 


 

 

看起來不錯,增益誤差低於 2%。現在是上升和下降時間,使用全幅方波,增益為 X100:

 


 

 

也不錯。沒有明顯的過沖、增益完美、上升和下降時間相等,並顯示約 10kHz 的全功率頻寬。

 

接著是完全沒有信號的情況下檢視雜訊。

我們再次使用直流模式和增益 X100:

 

 


 

尖峰信號是來自羅耶轉換器的殘留信號。交流信號的有效值約為 1.2mV,峰值低於 16mV,所有這些都經過 X100 放大,因此輸入端分別為 12uVrms 和 160uVpp。

運算放大器本身的雜訊在輸出端約為 2mVpp,在輸入端約為 20uVpp。如果採用更先進的濾波技術,可能可以消除更多的尖峰雜訊,但這可能事倍功半。儀器裝箱後將進行更多測試。

如果只需要低頻信號,我們可以使用低通濾波器來消除尖峰。有關脈衝幹擾濾波器的建議,請參閱此處:

 


 

 

殼體

採用Hammond 1590D 鋁箱。

 

 


 

內部結構見此處:

 


整個設備運作良好。

於 10/11/2023 01:56:00 PM No comments:
標籤: Measurement, PreAmp, Tool & Equipment

Cosmos ADC 3rd-Party Utilities

 Cosmos ADC 3rd-Party Utilities

E1DA COSMOS ADC Monitor V1.4

https://www.asio4all.org/

https://www.roomeqwizard.com/





ES9822Pro XO
45.158MHz 
49.152MHz 


I2S IIS Pinout Definition




TPS5130 DC Converter 



CT7601CR

OPA1612

ES9822PRO








於 6/20/2022 02:55:00 PM No comments:
標籤: ADC, Audio Interface, Measurement, Software, Tool & Equipment

Iridium ADC for Audio Science

 [Iridium ADC] #OSHW

加州理工大學,也就是大名鼎鼎的CalTech,有一項開源計畫叫做Iridium ADC,主要是拿來做Instrumentation以及量測音頻方面的儀器,也就是"量測用來量測音頻的儀器",那規格自然要比這些儀器好才能達到這項目標。
Iridium ADC為一個系統,核心是AD7760轉換器,並採用STM32F446RE Nucleo做為微控制器;硬體及軟體皆為開源。
今日多數高品質的ADC具有96KHz/24Bit的能力,而專業級則可以達到192KHz/24~32Bit;這些系統具有超過100DB的動態範圍,失真百萬分之個位數。
Iridium ADC計畫用來量測及評量上述這些裝置的性能表現;新提出的系統將具備24BIT的解析度,並且具有比常見之20~20KHZ更廣的頻寬,這將使動態範圍的理論值
提高到超過140DB,確保系統的噪音表現不會被此項性能所限制。
拓展的頻寬帶來幾項好處:
1. 量測諧波失真時,基波可超過10KHZ;即便這些失真的聽覺影響已經微乎其微了,但只要存在,就應該能被量測到。
2. 觀測音頻頻段外的震盪、干擾以及其他噪音。裝置可能會因為若干原因導致意外的自我震盪,而震盪的頻率常常位於一般音頻測量儀器的192KHZ操作範圍外。
3. 對於非音頻訊號的量測。許多常見的訊號頻率為數十或數百KHZ,像是開關型電源供應器的運行頻率就達到100KHZ以上。
工業、科學以及醫學用途的儀器設備可能具備超音波裝置,並且震動或者共振所產生的訊號可能大大超過20KHZ。
數位化的資料將會經由USB傳輸,並且透過專用的軟體同時顯示時域及頻域資料。同時也可以藉由軟體介面來控制ADC的採樣率以及資料運算參數。

於 5/02/2022 10:31:00 PM No comments:
標籤: ADC, Measurement, OSHW, Tool & Equipment

Dayton DATS V3 音訊元件測試系統

DATS V3 Computer Based Audio Component Test System

DATS V3 音訊元件測試系統  繁體中文化版本 V1.0.5

下載DATV3主程式 2021/9


Dayton Audio has taken the most complete and easy-to-use audio test system and improved it in almost every way when creating the DATS V3 Computer Based Audio Component Test System. With improvements to the accuracy, capability, and reliability of the DATS V2, the DATS V3 sets a new standard for quick and accurate audio component measurements.

Product Highlights

  • Rugged aluminum housing with detachable test leads and built-in precision calibration resistor
  • Tighter tolerances on internal components for more precise measurements
  • Increased output capability means greater separation from the noise floor, resulting in more accurate measurements
  • DATS Linearity Test for comparing parameters and impedance plots at multiple drive levels
  • Optional under desk mounting brackets included to save desk space
  • Only 1" H x 2-1/2" W x 4-1/8" D for easy portability



於 9/14/2021 07:46:00 AM No comments:
標籤: Measurement, Software, Tool & Equipment, 繁體中文化

TASCAM UH-7000 PCM4220+1795

 

TASCAM UH-7000

Professional USB Audio Interface / Standalone Mic Preamp


The TASCAM UH-7000 is a very interesting device for creating high quality recordings. At the higher end price bracket, we usually see the emphasis of manufacturers on the number of I / O, flexible configuration options, expandability, and the like. But the most massive user request turns out to be unclaimed: give the highest quality two channels, with preamplifiers of the highest category, for the most demanding recordings or for studio overdubbing. The same goes for on-site recording with a laptop. It is unwise to move a rack ADC and an expensive tube microphone preamplifier, because of the risk of damaging expensive equipment. Cheap interfaces fail either in terms of usability or sound quality. The equipment is too divided into studio and mass production. There are very few average options - in fact, none.

Specifications TASCAM UH-7000

Conversion characteristics

Dynamic ADC range123 dBA
DAC dynamic range123 dBA
Frequency response of microphone preamplifiers20 Hz - 80 kHz + 0.005 / -0.16 dB
Signal-to-Noise Mic Preamps before ADC117 dBA
Distortion of mic preamps before ADC0.0009%
A-128dBu
Inputs
Linear 1/2 
ConnectorTRS, balanced
Maximum+26.5dBu
Minimum--38dBu
Impedance15 kΩ
Microphone 1/2 
ConnectorXLR, balanced
Maximum+2dBu
Minimum-60dBu
Impedance2.2 k Ohm
Outputs
Linear 1/2 
ConnectorXLR, balanced
Maximum+24dBu
Impedance100 ohm
Headphone 
Connector1/4" TRS
Power> 45mW + 45mW (Kg + noise <1% at 32 ohm)
Digital interfaces
AES/EBU 
ConnectorXLR input, XLR output
FormatS/PDIF, AES/EBU
Frequencies44.1 / 48 / 88.2 / 96 / 176.4 / 192 kHz
USB
ConnectorUSB A-type
ProtocolUSB 2.0
Nutrition
Mains voltage100-240V, 50 / 60Hz
Consumption15W
Dimensions (edit)214 (W) × 81.2 (H) × 233 (D) mm
The weight2.2 kg

In the category up to $ 600, the E-MU1616M card was undoubtedly popular among the decent digitizers. But it does not have a USB connection, is inconvenient in operation, and, at the moment, has completely gone out of sales. In a hurry to please our readers, the TASCAM UH-7000 is an absolutely healthy alternative to the E-MU1616M, as well as any other professional interface in this category. Among USB interfaces, MOTU Track16, RME Babyface, Apogee Duet immediately come to mind ... This is at its best! 

But, compared to the TASCAM UH-7000, these are, nevertheless, budget sound cards for a laptop.... Their invariable attributes: power from the USB bus or from a rootless Chinese pulse power supply unit, an obscene input for a guitar, a weak headphone amplifier, and 16-20 more connectors on a pigtail, on a Chinese 40-pin connector. This is done with the best intentions, supposedly suitable for anything, and it costs a lot. However, in practice, professionals are not very interested in such devices, their main audience is amateurs, with claims to ...

The absolutely all-metal TASCAM UH-7000 case, quite heavy, with its internal weighty power supply unit from 220 Volts, with full-fledged balanced Neutrik input and output connectors, contrasts sharply with the products of mass culture. Moreover, line and microphone jacks are separated, no XLR / TRS combo. Microphone Amplifiers - High Definition Instrumentation Architecture. The brand name does not bring clarity, it is much more important that this is the newest development of TASCAM, for recording in high DSD and PCM formats. For stand-alone operation (that is, without a computer at all), the TASCAM UH-7000 is officially recommended by the manufacturer as a Hi-End microphone preamplifier for the TASCAM DA-3000 rack-mount DSD / PCM recorder.

And that's why. Let's tell you right away that the sound on the recording is different from the usual inexpensive mic preamps. Something of its own is present in the sound, a certain signature handwriting. The Neumann TLM sounded even more noble in the midrange than before. And this is without any processing. According to the passport, the microphone preamplifier has a distortion of less than 0.0009%. Therefore, this effect is definitely not caused by saturation or something else, but the correct transmission of the timbre and dynamics of the sound. There was a feeling that the voice on the recording became more beautiful. Explosive consonants and sibilants, even at high amplitudes, do not overload the analogue tract and therefore are then removed by processing without artifacts. The recording is very natural and natural, does not require additional creative searches with a huge chain of intricate plugins.

The large front panel level controls and meters are input only. After the tiny twists of inexpensive audio devices, working with such controls is the height of delight. In addition to more precise adjustment with a large knob, it is worth noting a well-thought-out logarithmic adjustment scale and a significant gain margin. LED multi-segment picmeters in this price category are not found at all.

The voltage margin of the inputs and outputs is very high, which without any problems gives the pairing with studio rack ADC / DAC, where +20 dBu is the norm.

In all aspects, the overall impression is very positive. The TASCAM UH-7000 is a device you can't help but want to have in your arsenal. We especially note the high-quality headphone output and the overall high quality of the converters. A good DAC is immediately audible in headphones and monitors. According to the passport, 123 dBA is declared. This is not as important as really good sound when the difference is heard. The numbers are just numbers.


Here we noted the thermostabilized oscillators with a stability of +/− 1ppm. 

ADC Burr-Brown PCM4220. 

DAC Burr-Brown PCM1795. 

Proprietary microphone preamps are assembled on the TI OPA 1612A, with the highest characteristics: noise 1.1 nV / √Hz, distortion 0.000015%, slew rate 27 V / μs, bandwidth 40 MHz. 

TI NE5532A is used for line inputs and outputs. The choice of these op amps is unusual, unless we remember their ability to operate with supply voltages up to 30 V and at the same time be resistant to short circuits at the output.

If you are more interested solely in listening, the inputs are not needed, but the capacitors must certainly be Nichicon Gold, it makes sense to look towards DSD DACs such as TEAC UD-501, of the same manufacturer. There will be MUSES op-amps, audiophile gold-plated RCA connectors, and a more powerful headphone amplifier.

The major distortion is caused by the LINE input, where is the weakest circuitry of the device. In addition, the line input is dependent, it is regulated in level from the front panel within wide limits.


RightMark Audio Analyzer Test Report

Device under test[ASIO] UH-7000
Working hours24-bit, 44 kHz
Sound interfaceASIO
Signal routeExternal loopback (line-out - line-in)
RMAA version6.4.1 PRO
  
  
Filter 20 Hz - 20 kHzYES
Signal normalizationYES
Level change-1.1 dB / -1.2 dB
MONO modeNO
Calibration signal frequency, Hz1000
Polaritycorrect / correct




Overall results

Frequency response (in the range 40 Hz - 15 kHz), dB
+0.01, -0.16
Very good
Noise level, dB (A)
-115.8
Fine
Dynamic range, dB (A)
115.6
Fine
Harmonic distortion,%
0.0023
Fine
Harmonic distortion + noise, dB (A)
-90.2
Very good
Intermodulation distortion + noise,%
0.0027
Fine
Interpenetration of channels, dB
-115.1
Fine
Intermodulation at 10 kHz,%
0.0056
Fine
Overall score
 
Fine




Frequency response

Spectrum graph

 
Left
Right
20 Hz to 20 kHz, dB
-0.48, +0.02
-0.50, +0.01
40 Hz to 15 kHz, dB
-0.14, +0.02
-0.16, +0.01




Noise level

Spectrum graph

 
Left
Right
RMS power, dB
-114.6
-114.7
RMS power, dB (A)
-115.7
-115.9
Peak level, dB
-99.8
-91.9
DC offset,%
+0.0
+0.0




Dynamic range

Spectrum graph

 
Left
Right
Dynamic range, dB
+114.4
+114.5
Dynamic range, dB (A)
+115.5
+115.7
DC offset,%
+0.00
+0.00




Harmonic distortion + noise (-3dB)

Spectrum graph

 
Left
Right
Harmonic distortion,%
+0.0022
+0.0024
Harmonic distortion + noise,%
+0.0023
+0.0025
Harmonic distortion + noise (A-weighted),%
+0.0030
+0.0032




Intermodulation distortion

Spectrum graph

 
Left
Right
Intermodulation distortion + noise,%
+0.0025
+0.0028
Intermodulation distortion + noise (A-weighted),%
+0.0018
+0.0020




Interpenetration of stereo channels

Spectrum graph

 
Left
Right
Penetration at 100 Hz, dB
-113
-110
Penetration at 1000 Hz, dB
-114
-114
Penetration at 10,000 Hz, dB
-113
-112




Intermodulation Distortion (Variable Frequency)

Spectrum graph

 
Left
Right
Intermodulation distortion + noise at 5000 Hz,
0.0042
0.0046
Intermodulation distortion + noise at 10,000 Hz,
0.0049
0.0053
Intermodulation distortion + noise at 15000 Hz,
0.0071
0.0076



Measurements of the TASCAM line-out to the Lynx Aurora 8 line-in in 24-bit 44 kHz mode are on a separate page. 

In summary, the THD of both devices do not exceed 0.0005%.

The measurements were performed on a desktop computer without any optimizations. As we can see, there are ABSOLUTELY no problems with noise and interference. Generally, it is their own PSU that makes the differences.

ASIO diagnostics

Device: UH-7000
Features:
Input channels: 4
Output channels: 4
Input latency: 524
Output latency: 710
Min buffer size: 256
Max buffer size: 256
Preferred buffer size: 256
Granularity: 0
ASIOOutputReady - not supported
Sample rate:
8000 Hz - not supported
11025 Hz - not supported
16000 Hz - not supported
22050 Hz - not supported
32000 Hz - not supported
44100 Hz - supported
48000 Hz - supported
88200 Hz - supported
96000 Hz - supported
176400 Hz - supported
192000 Hz - supported

352800 Hz - not supported
384000 Hz - not supported
Input channels:
channel: 0 (Analog 1) - Int32LSB
channel: 1 (Analog 2) - Int32LSB
channel: 2 (Digital 1) - Int32LSB
channel: 3 (Digital 2) - Int32LSB
Output channels:
channel: 0 (Computer 1) - Int32LSB
channel: 1 (Computer 2) - Int32LSB
channel: 2 (Computer 3) - Int32LSB
channel: 3 (Computer 4) - Int32LSB

4 channels of the device allow flexible use of digital I / O as additional I / O or for connecting external processing.


The signal processing, is based on hardware or say, DSP, can be configured by control panel. 

It is clear that now there is little sense in a hardware DSP for studio purposes. One of the applicable options - you can monitor the processed signal in headphones while recording, and select to listen unprocessed sound. 

Or, for example, you can equalize your headphones by increasing gain of high or low frequencies. Useful applications can be found.


We found out that TASCAM UH-7000 is not a sound card, it is not a digitization interface. First of all, it is a high quality microphone preamplifier for well-known brands of high category microphones. 

Further, it is a very high-end DAC and a good headphone output. The TRS line input and hardware DSP are made more "for show", but since no one forces you to use them, this does not spoil the impression. 

We have found the following application for the line input - if you apply an output signal to it, then the output signal will be effectively displayed on the picmeter in front of the device, which is impossible to reach by standard means. At the same time, the sound can be monitored from the headphone output.

The sound quality of the TASCAM UH-7000 impressed us. The genius of TASCAM engineers was revealed here in all its glory. Potentially a hit. More devices of such a high level would be produced!

 

於 9/14/2021 04:29:00 AM No comments:
標籤: ADC, Audio Interface, Digital Lines, Measurement, Teardown, Tool & Equipment
Older Posts Home
Subscribe to: Posts (Atom)
  • Curve Tracer UPDATE
    Intelligent CurveTracer Software Release #軟體更新 #Software Update You can now download it at Github . The Latest version of Locky_Z's Curv...
  • Tektronix TDS1000, 2000, 3000 Hack Upgrade Performance!
    How to Hack the Bandwidth and Sample Rate for Tektronix TDS1000-2000-3000 Series Oscilloscope? Xi @ EEVBlog Summary: 1. Let firmware is V3.3...
  • Amanero Isolatior: built-in isolator without adapter?
      The XMOS-cored USB to I2S has a lots of implementation, since its design is widely open, we have seen so many variations that includes bui...

E-mu 0404 1212m 1616m 1820m PCI 音效卡 Windows11 驅動程式安裝 2025

E-mu 0404 1212m 1616m 1820m 音訊卡 驅動相容性與安裝 E-mu 0404 1212m 1820m等是歷久彌新的老音效卡,這些是Windows 7 時代製造且相對較老舊的音效卡。當時,AKM旭化成和 Burr-Brown 等廠商的 AD 轉換器都在爭奪板...

  • 首頁

Catagory

  • Academic (10)
  • ADC (4)
  • Audio Interface (3)
  • Clone&Reverse (6)
  • Code (2)
  • Color Calibration (1)
  • DAC (6)
  • Digital Lines (5)
  • DIY (6)
  • FPGA (1)
  • Hack (3)
  • HPAmp (6)
  • I2S (1)
  • IIS (1)
  • Measurement (11)
  • OPA (2)
  • OSHW (10)
  • Power Amp (13)
  • Power Supply (1)
  • PreAmp (4)
  • PSPICE (3)
  • R2R (1)
  • Repair (2)
  • SIT (4)
  • Software (6)
  • Teardown (6)
  • Theoery (9)
  • Time (1)
  • Tool & Equipment (17)
  • Tube (5)
  • Tube Emulation (1)
  • V-FET (4)
  • VFET (4)
  • Vintage (9)
  • 繁體中文化 (2)

Blog Archive

  • September 2025 (1)
  • January 2025 (1)
  • August 2024 (1)
  • July 2024 (2)
  • May 2024 (1)
  • October 2023 (5)
  • September 2023 (5)
  • June 2023 (2)
  • June 2022 (2)
  • May 2022 (2)
  • March 2022 (3)
  • October 2021 (3)
  • September 2021 (6)
  • August 2021 (3)
  • July 2021 (7)
  • June 2021 (2)
  • May 2021 (1)
  • March 2021 (1)
  • January 2021 (3)
  • December 2020 (4)
  • November 2020 (3)
  • October 2020 (7)
  • September 2020 (13)
  • June 2019 (1)
  • March 2018 (1)

Report Abuse

Awesome Inc. theme. Powered by Blogger.