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Showing posts with label PreAmp. Show all posts
Showing posts with label PreAmp. Show all posts

使用SCPI 控制的前級放大器

使用SCPI 控制的前級放大器

在尋找低電平的干擾源時,如果標準儀器(甚至是優秀的萬用表或示波器)的靈敏度不夠,這時通常需要使用前置放大器。

有一些專門的儀器,如納伏計,可以量測到更低的電平,但卻僅限於低速信號。

示波器即使採用超取樣和boxcar平均法,其本底雜訊也太高。因此,我們需要製作一個前級放大器。

但是這些放大器的周邊細節非常繁雜,在AC模式下,需要對去耦電容進行沉澱和放電、調節增益以及開關輸出。所有這些週邊設備都由 SCPI 控制,但整個設置對我來說有點亂。

設計的目標是:

  • 單個設備,不需要多個元件的組合
  • 增益 1X、10X、100X,以電腦切換
  • 最大輸出振幅 10V 於10k負載。
  • 交流或直流耦合,具有預充電和放電功能,以降低偏置所需安定時間。
  • 頻寬從直流或 1Hz (交流模式)到幾千赫茲
  • 低噪音
  • USB 供電,但通過光隔離器和隔離電源完全隔離。
  • SCPI 可控
  • 具LCD 顯示幕以便檢視設定

為了實現這一功能,我將調試器分成了兩個模組;

類比模組部分負責放電和預充電、交流和直流耦合、在 1 到 10 之間設置兩級增益以及啟動/禁用輸出。所有功能都使用作為繼電器的 PhotoFet 進行控制。

數位模組部分為 Arduino擴展HAT,用於連接類比部分和 LCD,並從 USB 電源產生 +/-15V 類比電壓。

 The Analog Part

 

 

從左到右依次是放電開關、AC/DC 開關和阻斷電容、預充電開關,以及使用 OP177 精密運算放大器的兩個可切換增益的運算放大器級。

右側是輸出開關和 10K(外部)負載。所有開關都是 AQY212EH PhotoMos 器件。

它們通過一個 ULN2003 介面驅動器IC(原理圖上未顯示)與數位介面連接。背靠背 BC548N 對用作輸入保護。類比部分有自己的接地系統,輸入和輸出 BNC 連接器與外殼和數位部分隔離。

 

The Digital Part

數位部分是以 Arduino UNO/Leonardo 微控制器板的HAT實現的。除了連接介面之外,唯一有趣的部分是 USB/5V 至 +/-15V 轉換器。

原本可以使用標準磚塊(TRACO 或類似供應商提供),但它們的噪音太大,並不太適合。因此使用了一個自由運行的Royer轉換器,帶有兩個低飽和電壓的 ZTX851 電晶體,外加兩個 3 腳穩壓器(78L15、79L15)來穩定輸出。

使用的變壓器是 Vogt 生產的 ISDN 變壓器,略有損壞,請參見此處:

 


 

 

這個變壓器的初級和次級之間的絕緣電壓高達 4 千伏,因此使用上很安全。保持低尖峰的竅門是在初級側安裝一個緩衝器,降低開關的陡度。

除此之外,沒有什麼特別之處。原理圖:



 

 

 

軟體

整個系統由 SCPI 控制。執行的具體命令如下

 

DISCHG:SET value
PRECHG:SET value
DCMODE:SET value
AMP1:SET value
AMP2:SET value
OUTP:SET value
PRINTALL?

 

其中值可以是 ON 或 OFF、0 或 1。

 

首次結果

事實上非常令人滿意。讓我們先看一個全振幅的三角波,以檢查線性問題:

 


 

 

看起來不錯,增益誤差低於 2%。現在是上升和下降時間,使用全幅方波,增益為 X100:

 


 

 

也不錯。沒有明顯的過沖、增益完美、上升和下降時間相等,並顯示約 10kHz 的全功率頻寬。

 

接著是完全沒有信號的情況下檢視雜訊。

我們再次使用直流模式和增益 X100:

 

 


 

尖峰信號是來自羅耶轉換器的殘留信號。交流信號的有效值約為 1.2mV,峰值低於 16mV,所有這些都經過 X100 放大,因此輸入端分別為 12uVrms 和 160uVpp。

運算放大器本身的雜訊在輸出端約為 2mVpp,在輸入端約為 20uVpp。如果採用更先進的濾波技術,可能可以消除更多的尖峰雜訊,但這可能事倍功半。儀器裝箱後將進行更多測試。

如果只需要低頻信號,我們可以使用低通濾波器來消除尖峰。有關脈衝幹擾濾波器的建議,請參閱此處:

 


 

 

殼體

採用Hammond 1590D 鋁箱。

 

 


 

內部結構見此處:

 


整個設備運作良好。

於 10/11/2023 01:56:00 PM No comments:
標籤: Measurement, PreAmp, Tool & Equipment

VFET JFET Pre/Power Amplifier Circuits

 

The gain is 2.1 times.

Although it is missing in this circuit diagram, there is actually a 47u electrolytic capacitor between the power supply and ground.

Line input 0.5Vrms and output 1Vrms.

At this time, the VT62 full-stage differential amplifier in the latter stage reaches the maximum output, but such an output has never been output from the speaker.

I can't put it out in my environment.

I think I usually listen at a few milliwatts to a few tens of milliwatts.

Therefore, when proceeding to the case set in the future, I am thinking of biting an attenuator about 0.15 times the output of the flat amplifier.

Of course, I will make it a switching SW type and add 1x and mute.



Discrete Power OP-Amp



於 3/21/2022 04:33:00 PM No comments:
標籤: HPAmp, PreAmp, SIT, V-FET, VFET

2SK79 VFET SIT V-FET Amplifier

 




SONY 2SK79 Small-Signal V-FET, TO-92 (S-D-G)
The rare Triode-like characteristics transistor made by SONY in 1970's, could be seen as a solid-state version of 12AX7 without filaments!

Vdg = 120V
Vsg = 10V
Id = 200mA
P = 750mW
rd = 2kΩ (Vds = 50V, Id = 4mA)
μ = 30 (Vds = 50V, Id = 4mA)
gm = 14mS (Vds = 50V, Id = 4mA)
Cip = 16pF (Vds = 50V, Id = 4mA)


2SK79 SRPP Non-Feedback PreAmplifier designed by Akira Yasui



Publication:
(1)
V-FET 2SK79 SRPP Non-feedback 1-stage amplification control amplifier
Author (1): Akira Yasui (安井 章)
 

(2) 
安井章,
MJ Radio and Experiment (Audio Technology MJ)
roll: 83  issue: Four  page: 142-150  Publication year: April 1996
JST document number: F0208A  ISSN: 1345-8817  Material type: Serials (A)
Country of issue: Japan (JPN)  language: Japanese (JA)


(3)
MJ無線と実験 2016年 09 月号 (Japanese) 
Print Magazine – August 10, 2016
































MJ-Radio and Experiment, June 2002
2002/6 MJ RADIO


























R5//RV1=200R



V-FET Driver 
2SK79 as input stage, 2SK60 and 2SJ49 as output stage.










Spice Models of 2SK79 VFET V-FET 

For SPICE Simulation, here are some SPICE models of 2SK79 in diff formats (LTSPICE, PSPICE, etc.)


/Model A/
* Created on 06/29/2020 09:20 using paint_kit.jar 3.1 
* www.dmitrynizh.com/tubeparams_image.htm
* Plate Curves image file: 
* Data source link: 
*----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.SUBCKT 2SK79 1 2 3 ; Plate Grid Cathode
+ PARAMS: CCG=3P  CGP=15P CCP=1.9P RGI=600
+ MU=30.24 KG1=45 KP=106 KVB=337.5 VCT=0.0085 EX=1.54 
* Vp_MAX=93 Ip_MAX=10 Vg_step=0.2 Vg_start=0 Vg_count=10
* Rp=2720 Vg_ac=35.48 P_max=0.5625 Vg_qui=-0.9 Vp_qui=20.25
* X_MIN=163 Y_MIN=164 X_SIZE=1080 Y_SIZE=582 FSZ_X=1936 FSZ_Y=1056 XYGrid=true
* showLoadLine=y showIp=y isDHT=n isPP=n isAsymPP=n showDissipLimit=y 
* showIg1=y gridLevel2=n isInputSnapped=y  
* XYProjections=n harmonicPlot=y dissipPlot=n 
*----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
E1 7 0 VALUE={V(1,3)/KP*log10(1+EXP(KP*(1/MU+(VCT+V(2,3))/SQRT(KVB+V(1,3)*V(1,3)))))} 
RE1 7 0 1G  ; TO AVOID FLOATING NODES
G1 1 3 VALUE={(PWR(V(7),EX)+PWRS(V(7),EX))/KG1} 
RCP 1 3 1G   ; TO AVOID FLOATING NODES
C1 2 3 {CCG} ; CATHODE-GRID 
C2 2 1 {CGP} ; GRID=PLATE 
C3 1 3 {CCP} ; CATHODE-PLATE 
D3 5 3 DX ; POSITIVE GRID CURRENT 
R1 2 5 {RGI} ; POSITIVE GRID CURRENT 
.MODEL DX D(IS=1N RS=1 CJO=10PF TT=1N) 
.ENDS 




/Model B/

.SUBCKT 2SK79 1 2 3 ; Plate Grid Cathode
+ PARAMS: CCG=3P  CGP=15P CCP=1.9P RGI=600
+ MU=30.24 KG1=45 KP=106 KVB=337.5 VCT=0.0085 EX=1.54 
* Vp_MAX=93 Ip_MAX=10 Vg_step=0.2 Vg_start=0 Vg_count=10
* Rp=2720 Vg_ac=35.48 P_max=0.5625 Vg_qui=-0.9 Vp_qui=20.25
* X_MIN=163 Y_MIN=164 X_SIZE=1080 Y_SIZE=582 FSZ_X=1936 FSZ_Y=1056 XYGrid=true
* showLoadLine=y showIp=y isDHT=n isPP=n isAsymPP=n showDissipLimit=y 
* showIg1=y gridLevel2=n isInputSnapped=y  
* XYProjections=n harmonicPlot=y dissipPlot=n 
*----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
E1 7 0 VALUE={V(1,3)/KP*log10(1+EXP(KP*(1/MU+(VCT+V(2,3))/SQRT(KVB+V(1,3)*V(1,3)))))} 
RE1 7 0 1G  ; TO AVOID FLOATING NODES
G1 1 3 VALUE={(PWR(V(7),EX)+PWRS(V(7),EX))/KG1} 
RCP 1 3 1G   ; TO AVOID FLOATING NODES
C1 2 3 {CCG} ; CATHODE-GRID 
C2 2 1 {CGP} ; GRID=PLATE 
C3 1 3 {CCP} ; CATHODE-PLATE 
D3 5 3 DX ; POSITIVE GRID CURRENT 
R1 2 5 {RGI} ; POSITIVE GRID CURRENT 
.MODEL DX D(IS=1N RS=1 CJO=10PF TT=1N) 
.ENDS


Other Power VFET P-SPICE Models



*2SJ28
*GENERATED BY SIT MODELER @ AUDIOMAKER.TECH 
*MODEL RANGE: -55V, -5A 
*-------------------------------------------------- 
.SUBCKT 2SJ28 D G S ; Drain Gate Source 
+ PARAMS: MU=7.3 X=1.51 K=0.157 N=2.24 VCT=0 RG=2MEG 
*-------------------------------------------------- 
B1 D S I=-1*(K*PWR(URAMP((-V(G,S)+VCT)+(N*LN(-V(D,S))+(-V(D,S)/MU))),X)) 
*FOR LTSPICE
R1 G S {RG} 
CGS G S 0P 
CGD G D 0P 
CDS G S 0P 
.ENDS 2SJ28 
*--------------------------------------------------



** 2SK82 KD-33
*M. ROTHACHER
*--------------------------------------------------
.SUBCKT 2SK82  1 2 3 ; Drain Gate Source
+ PARAMS: MU=4.9140 EX=2.352 KG1=101.25 KP=75.0 KVB=24.0 VCT=7.04 RGI=2MEG
*--------------------------------------------------
E1 7 0 VALUE={V(1,3)/KP*LN(1+EXP(KP*(1/MU+(VCT+V(2,3))/SQRT(KVB+V(1,3)*V(1,3)))))}
RE1 7 0 1G
G1 1 3 VALUE={(PWR(V(7),EX)+PWRS(V(7),EX))/KG1}
RDS 1 3 1G   ; TO AVOID FLOATING NODES
D1 5 2 DX ; FOR GRID CURRENT
R1 5 3 {RGI} ; POSITIVE GRID CURRENT 
.MODEL DX D(IS=1N RS=1 CJO=10PF TT=1N)
.ENDS








於 3/21/2022 03:59:00 PM No comments:
標籤: PreAmp, SIT, V-FET, VFET

Make FET like Triode: Trioderization

Trioderizer 將FET三極管化

Structurally, vacuum tube can be categorized into triode, pentode, etc. The famous tubes, like power tube WE 300B and signal tube ECC88, are triode tubes. The curve of triode, pentode are very different. After transistor is introduced to the world, we realized that FETs are more similar to pentode, instead of triode.

There are exceptions, V-FET that are invented by Japanese have triode-like curves; nevertheless, V-FETs are now obsolete and extremely rare plus expensive. V-FETs are produced in late 1970's, and are soon discontinued due to many reasons. Anyway, part of people love its sound, they think V-FET sounds "tubey", and this is the most attractive reason of getting V-FET---A transistor with vaccum sound and as powerful as common transistor!

A 300B amplifier can generate something like, say, 10 watts or so. But transistor amplifier including V-FET style, can easily generate several hundred watts.

You can call V-FET as a power tube without filament heat, that the truth.

Since V-FETs are now gone, then it comes to the question: Can we make transistors like triode?

The key to the answer might be trioderizer or solid state tube.
Read more »
於 9/25/2020 02:09:00 AM No comments:
標籤: PreAmp, Theoery, Vintage
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