頂尖Hifi電容: 21款評測

 

該文章連載於第11期和第12期的《試聽前線》,有配圖。


    電容是高傳真度設備裡不可或缺的重要組成部分,將能量儲存在正負電極之間形成的電場中。兩個薄膜狀的電極(通常使用金屬製成)被一層電介質隔開,並折疊或卷起來,就成了薄膜電容。電極的材料有鋁、錫、銅、銀或者合金。電介質可以是任何絕緣的材料,例如空氣、玻璃、陶瓷、雲母、紙、聚脂薄膜、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯或特氟隆(聚四氟乙烯)。最好的電介質材料是真空,其次是空氣,第三是特氟隆,隨後才是聚酯,聚丙烯,油等材料。


    電容的一個重要用途就是信號耦合――通交流隔直流,它使得音樂信號(交流)可以自由通過而直流電壓無法通過。沒有電容是完美的,任何電容在傳輸信號的時候都會有不同程度的信號損耗,特別是非Hi-Fi的電容的信號損耗是很大的。理論上的解決辦法是採用直耦電路來取代耦合電容,但是任何有電子知識的人都知道,直耦電路不僅實施起來困難而且應用範圍有限,很多情況下無法使用直耦電路取代耦合電容。


那麼,另一個解決方案就是努力去尋找最好的耦合電容來降低信號損耗,這就是我們組織這次評論的主旨,我們花費了16個月的時間來聚齊了所有最頂級的21hi-end電容。

低雜訊JFET: 簡論與綜觀


Preface
後2SK170(Toshiba, EOL)時代,人們急於尋找能代替K170的低雜訊低頻用JFET;經過社群討論與努力,挖掘出了BF862這只優秀的RF用JFET,最後更發現在Audio band跟低頻得到意外的卓越性能,且停產前價格低廉,是相當棒的選擇。目前BF862也已停產,Linear Sys則復刻出了LSK170用以代替2SK170。許多過去停產的JFET,也有例如InterFet、Linear Sys等公司製造出相等的替代品。
而到了2020年,已經是後BF862/2SK170時代了。優秀又便宜的離散晶體不敵市場大勢所趨,紛紛停產、縮少產量;這些種種訊息,都對DIYer是非常沉痛的打擊。優異的離散晶體只會越來越少,甚至可說越來越貴,高度晶片化的時代早已到來,有越來越多卓越性能的IC同時,也代表著離散電晶體市場越來越小。
對於DIYer,特別是2020年以後加入的DIYer,一邊享受高密度IC帶來之便利的同時,卻也不得不接受"傳統"電晶體市場出現的停產、萎縮甚而炒作以及假貨。

下文為討論儀器級量測及頂尖電晶體之概論與綜述。

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VFET Amplifier Study Note

Envision the circuit of the SIT power amplifier

Circuit plan 1

Tamura's PP transformer F-781 can be connected in parallel because two windings of 2.5 kΩ on the primary side are independently drawn out to the terminals, and when connected in parallel, the impedance becomes 1/4 of 625 ohms.
When 8Ω is loaded on the 16Ω terminal on the secondary side, the primary side becomes 312.5Ω, so I tried to draw a load line with this.


In the gate-drain voltage 450V at maximum rating of SIT, the gate-source voltage is generally a 20V, V D -I D towards the characteristic graph V D because it is documented = 600V, equivalent of a voltage It may be strong. 

However, since it is an expensive element, I will avoid using it unreasonably.
If the operating point is V D = 180V, I D = 50mA and the load line of 312.5Ω is drawn , V D = 13V, I D = 584mA, and the maximum output is 44.6W at V GS = 0V .

Gryphon Antileon Signature: Clone and Build

Get this from Walkalone from DIYaudio, a DIY hobbyist from VN.



The Basic Law of Gryphon's Design Topology

  • Non-GFB
  • Fully DC-Coupled
  • Class A output
  • Ultra-wide Bandwidth. 



The Gryphon Antileon Signature

Controlling SPI DAC: A Journey started.

 

2020.10.4     Get this from Paul Frost, the designer of DAC11001.   Write him a mail. 


To be clear, this device was not designed for audio but rather very high-end test and medical applications. R-2R DACs in audio is a bit of a niche application. That being said, there are some companies and hobbyists that are using R-2R DACs still (Schiit's Yggdrasil, for example). Note that the first version released is the DAC11001A, the next version will achieve tighter INL and drift specifications. The sample-and-hold circuit improves the AC performance of the R-2R by making the glitch code-independent. This removes some of the nasty harmonics that you might see in a regular R-2R design. The I2S to SPI is a bit of a problem. Fortunately, the DAC11001A features a daisy-chain mode that looks somewhat similar to I2S. I was able to create the glue logic that converts 24-bit, right-justified I2S to SPI using only 2 flip-flops, a shift register, and 7 logic gates.

QA401 Audio Analyzer Teardown


The overview of QA401, USB and DSP section are isolated from DA/AD.  TI ISO2401 provides signal isolation, and WE parts provides DC-DC galvanic isolation.


Tektronix TDS1000, 2000, 3000 Hack Upgrade Performance!

How to Hack the Bandwidth and Sample Rate for Tektronix TDS1000-2000-3000 Series Oscilloscope?


Xi @ EEVBlog


Summary:

1. Let firmware is V3.39

2. Open Tektronix Web interface

3. Enter the password to unlock
PASSWORD PITBULL
MCONFIG TDS3064B

4. Reboot the Scope, done!

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Improved vacuum tube models for SPICE simulations

  Improved vacuum tube models for SPICE simulations from: https://www.i-t.com/blog/updating-norman-korens-tube-amplifier-design/improved-vac...